Healing the World Through Literature Essay

Writing has impacted our lives from numerous points of view. One is the manner in which we see the occasions around us. The media have consistently been educating and illuminating the general population regarding wars. Rather than advising us about how we can mend the world, all we hear is whose issue it was when a war breaks out. The inquiry here is: How would literature be able to assist with mending the world as far as war and harmony? This is significant in light of the fact that there are such a large number of wars on the planet and as opposed to battling we can utilize them to help make harmony and mend the world. We will at that point be capable think back to the past and figure how we can advance for whenever. It will likewise assist us with making harmony by permitting everybody to see one another. Thomas Hardy, Anthony Hecht and Muriel Rukeyser are three creators that help show how writing can mend the world. The main sonnet, Thomas Hardy’s â€Å"The Man He Killed† centers around the foolishness and worthlessness of war, where a man has executed another just in light of the fact that they were battling on rival sides at war. It was written in the perspective of one of the fighters who was enrolled in the infantry. In the initial refrain he states, â€Å"Had he and I however met by some old antiquated motel, we ought to have sat us down to wet right numerous a nipperkin! † (Hardy 347) By this he implies on the off chance that they met outside of a bar, they would have partaken in certain beverages together, but since of the war, they are compelled to take shots at each other. At that point it clarifies how they met as warriors in rival sides and one needed to kick the bucket so the two of them shot one another, yet the storyteller shot slaughtered the other. In the third verse, he discloses why he needed to slaughter him. Writing could assist us with war by showing this sonnet. The sonnet shows how in any event, when individuals simply meet that in light of a war, they are constrained and required to execute another man as opposed to having tranquility. Individuals battle in wars for every extraordinary explanation. A few people were destined to join the military and be warriors while others simply join to get by in existence with money related help from the military. In the lines thirteen through sixteen, towards the finish of the sonnet the creator is stating how both the men enrolled into the military since they were unemployed, and they expected to offer their snares to get cash, and now as a result of the war one of the men was slaughtered unwontedly by another man who joined in light of the fact that he was jobless too. In the subsequent sonnet called â€Å"More Light! All the more Light! † by Anthony Hecht, it discusses two unique stories in the sonnet. In the primary story there is a man who was being charged for a wrongdoing he petitions his God he didn’t submit. He states, â€Å"I beg my God to observe that I have made no crime† (Hecht 349). He was being scorched to death and one of the warriors who was consuming him on account of his wrongdoing felt seriously for the prisoner’s languishing. So he tossed black powder trusting it would burst into flames and to end the detainee of his hopelessness however the explosive didn't light, and the detainee was singed to death. â€Å"And that was nevertheless one, and in no way, shape or form one of the most noticeably awful; allowed in any event his desolate pride; and, for example, were by made supplications for the sake of Christ, that will pass judgment on all men, for his soul’s tranquility† (Hecht 349). The subsequent story is around three detainees who were brought to the forested areas, two Jewish detainees and one Polish detainee. The German watchmen constrained the Polish man to cover the Jewish men alive, yet the Polish man would not do it. So the German monitors rather changed the jobs, and the Polish man was shot in the stomach, covered up to his head, and was left there for three hours to seep to death. The subsequent story appeared to be a lot of more awful than the first on the grounds that the Polish man was enduring and was just left there with his contemplations and supplications as he gradually kicked the bucket. â€Å"No supplications or incense ascended in those hours which developed to be years, and consistently came quiet apparitions from the broilers, filtering through fresh air, and settled upon his eyes in a dark soot† (Hecht 350). Writing help with war and harmony since this sonnet shows the past how the Jews and Polish people were tormented by the Nazis and war. Also, this sonnet can encourage us how in any event, during the darkest occasions of war a few people like the Polish didn't keep his respect. Also, not be compelled to slaughter another man since war, regardless of whether the aftereffect of not listening is your own demise. In the third sonnet â€Å"Letter to the Front† by Muriel Rukeyser, discusses being a Jew in the twentieth century. This sonnet clarifies how Jewish individuals ought to be glad for being Jewish, and they shouldn’t conceal it. The Jewish individuals experienced a ton with World War II, with all the passings and sufferings, yet the Jewish populace shouldn’t attempt to shroud what they are. â€Å"Wishing to be imperceptible, you pick demise of the soul, the stone insanity† (Rukeyser 351). Stowing away implied lessening God to just what you are. The creator is stating that the Jews ought to be glad for what their identity is and what they have faith in. To put stock in God and appeal to God for opportunity to all individuals, and go to live the incomprehensible which can just occur with confidence to their God. Not by concealing who they truly are and their convictions. Writing can help with War and harmony by utilizing this sonnet to show that confidence in your God can assist you with overcoming any circumstance and not by avoiding your convictions and who you really are. A few people are as of now used to wars and viciousness that it doesn’t influence them. So as to discover harmony, we should initially put forth an attempt to see a wide range of individuals. As far as race, ethnicity, culture, values, religion, convictions, and so forth. At the point when individuals see life through somebody else’s eyes they comprehend what they experience. That would be the best way to stay away from brutality. Writing can recuperate the world after obliteration from war. Possibly one day we won’t need to stress over the war in light of the fact that there would be harmony. Work Cited: Solid, Thomas. â€Å"The Man He Killed. † Writing about the World. By Susan H. McLeod, John Jarvis, and Shelley Spear. Boston, MA: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005. 346-48. Print. Hecht, Anthony. â€Å"More Light! All the more Light! † Writing about the World. By Susan H. McLeod, John Jarvis, and Shelley Spear. Boston, MA: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005. 349-50. Print. Rukeyser, Muriel. â€Å"Letter to the Front. † Writing about the World. By Susan H. McLeod, John Jarvis, and Shelley Spear. Boston, MA: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005. 351-52. Print.

Laundromax Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Laundromax - Case Study Example With my budgetary administration job, my arrangement for financing would begin with individual proprietor value. This would go about as a show to outside financial specialists of the individual trust that the originators have in the development and accomplishment of their business and thus worth a further affectation for extra outcast venture. With the goal for Laundromax to achieve independence as an organization, 100 stores must be set up at a gauge of $500,000 per completely useful and operational store. This puts the complete capital required to achieve independence at a gauge cost of $50,000,000. With such overwhelming introductory capital cost, individual value would not be adequate to meet this costs and henceforth the vision of the business. I would result to speculation capital with significant spotlight on speculation banks and investment firms who are willing and ready to raise a significant piece of the necessary capital as an end-result of a comparable stake in the compa ny’s resources. ... The rate at which the assets ought to be mixed in the business will be significantly reliant on the key development thought process of the administration. For this situation, from the given projections, the 100th store might be opened at some point in the fourth year of activity with the most elevated number of store opening before the 100th being in the third year. Along these lines, as indicated by the chronicled data and the estimates introduced, the ideal distribution of capital as indicated by the quantity of stores required would be $4,500,000 in the principal year, $11,500,000 in the subsequent year, $25,000,000 in the third year and $14,000,000 in the third year to achieve the 100th store mark easily. The above estimations of the capital necessity of the business in its different phases of improvement are not adequate budgetary projections to have the option to persuade potential speculators of the monetary sufficiency of the business and to give them affirmation of the secur ity of their venture. So as to introduce an appropriate money related arrangement in their field-tested strategy, Reese and Mounger ought to incorporate certain budgetary conjectures including: Cash stream estimates, An equal the initial investment investigation, An anticipated explanation of benefit or misfortune, and An anticipated proclamation of monetary position. There in, the income figures give a perspective on the normal money inflows and out streams to and from the organization, the make back the initial investment investigation shows the desire for future benefit by the organization specifying where the organization would liken costs to incomes created, An anticipated explanation of benefit or misfortune subtleties the normal incomes and costs to the organization, while the anticipated proclamation of monetary position shows a desire for the company’s holding of advantages and liabilities. With these projections, Reese and Mounger would have a

Inching Along COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Inching Along COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I know there are still many applicants anxious to receive an admission decision and the Admissions Committee is moving steadily along.   The first big burst of decisions that were sent (approximately 65% were sent out last Monday) represented hundreds of hours of review.   Even with over 7 weeks of meetings the Committee still needs additional time to complete the process.   As I have stated before, a lot of this has to do with the simple act of scheduling.   Getting Committee members together is a task in itself. Since Monday of this week we have sent out another 10% of decisions so we have crept up to the 75% mark.   We are still deliberating on all three classes of admission offers:   admit, waitlist, and those we will be unable to offer admission to. Ill keep this entry short so I can get back to the file review process . . .

John F Kennedy Essay - 1741 Words

John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 35th President of United States, was born in Brookline, Massachusetts on May 29, 1917. His father, Joseph Kennedy Sr., was a wealthy investor who wanted his sons to be important figures in American politics. Joseph Kennedy Sr. always favored his oldest son, Joseph Jr., to achieve his familys long time ambition to become a President of the United States. However, his eyes turned to John, after Joseph was killed in battle during World War II. John knew he was going to be the replacement for his brother; only way to make his father happy was to become an important figure in American politics. In November of 1946, JFK was elected to the House of Representatives from the State of Massachusetts. He served in the†¦show more content†¦CIA director Allen Dulles ensured to Kennedy that this was going to be the perfect invasion. On April 17, 1961, the invasion of Bay of Pigs had begun. The invasion was a total failure, since nobody in the island showed any interest of joining the coup against Castro. Castros men captured 1189 prisoners and ransomed them for ten million dollars. It was the first major step for Kennedy during his administration, which gave him total humiliation. Later in his term, Kennedy refers to Bay of Pigs Cuba was a hell of a time. This convinced Kennedy never to trust anyone ever again. Moreover, maybe perhaps, this was why he was successful during the Cuban missile crisis. Kennedy focused on what he called Five Must Bills. The plan included federal assistance to public schools, hospital insurance for the aged, legislation for housing, aid to depressed areas, and increasing minimum wages. Kennedy knew that dealing with Congress could be difficult, since 21 Democrat seats in the house had been lost in the 1960 election. Although Democrats were still a majority, the South contributed 108 seats in the House, and 21 seats in the Senate. 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John Sirica and The Ammidown Murder Essay - 2416 Words

When I discovered that my English class had to do a Research Paper, I became horrified. I thought students only did this when they were finishing graduate school not when they were starting their first year in college. All I knew about research papers was that there is an overwhelming amount of research to do. In my efforts to complete this obstacle and not bore myself to sleep with researching, I wanted to do an interesting topic, but I had no idea where to begin. I spent hours going through a great number of subjects and people, but once I found topic remotely interesting, I could not find much information on the Library of Congress website. Therefore, I decided to choose one word that would hopefully lead me to an interesting topic. I†¦show more content†¦Ammidown. This is typically because John Sirica was more important to the United States history due to his involvement in the Watergate Trails. I continued searching further into the United States v. Ammidown, when John was Chief Judge for the United States District Court, by finding sources on the Library of Congress website. At the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress there is a collection summary on The Papers of John J. Sirica that has 123 containers holding 38,000 items. I visited the Manuscript Division at the Library of Congress on April 4th , 2012. I was able to get hold of his Bench Book and files on the Ammidown case. I took a few pictures of some of the documents, but the information was overwhelming. A few weeks later I decided to come back to fully immerse myself into his Bench Book because I felt like that was the best way to comprehend John Sirica’s thoughts and opinions on the case. Nevertheless, the information within the book was hand written and is difficult to read. I used a camera to take pictures of the page that related to the case I’m researching in the bench book where I have started on deciphering the handwriting. Yet, the amount of time I have spent on trying to do so has made me realize that decoding the rest will take more than a while. There were other files

BSTRACT WidgeCorps’s management team Free Essays

string(140) " technique allow us to see the variables as they relate to one-another visually, but we are also able to additional variables to be tested\." ABSTRACT: WidgeCorps’s management team had a lack in understand of some of the key multivariate statistical techniques used by many companies to measure how variables react with one another. This paper will discuss how three of these techniques are commonly used and provides a recommendation for the company to use as they move forward with research and development of new products. This paper also compares and contrasts the different multivariate techniques. We will write a custom essay sample on BSTRACT: WidgeCorps’s management team or any similar topic only for you Order Now KEYWORDS: multivariate techniques, Chi-Square Test, multidimensional scaling There are many different multivariate techniques commonly used in businesses across the world. This paper will compare three commonly used techniques including factor analysis, multi-dimensional scaling, and cluster analysis. Additionally, I will provide my recommendation for WidgeCorp to follow as we move forward and dive into the cold beverage market. To begin, it is important to have a clear understanding about why and how a company will use multivariate techniques as part research. The term multivariate technique is somewhat of a blanket-term which includes many different techniques used by statisticians and researchers in many different fields, (Dayton, 2012). Multivariate techniques allow for companies to perform research on more than one variable to determine if there is a relationship between them. For many companies, the multivariate techniques are used to effective measure quality and safety, (Yang, 2010). WidgeCrop will be able to use each of the techniques as we move forward with our new business ventures into the cold beverage market. Factor Analysis: Factor analysis is one of the many techniques that can be used in different types of research projects. Factor analysis is most often used to compare variables which have a correlation to other confounding variables, (Dayton, 2012). Factor analysis will prove helpful after we have developed our products and are testing the new beverages in different markets. As an example, we could test the hypothesis that WidgeCorp’s new line of cold beverages burns more calories than our competitor Gatorade’s line of cold beverages. The observed variable would include whatever the ingredient is in the beverage which helps to burn calories. The confounding variable could be the level of activity of those participating in the study. As part of my research for this project, I looked into several companies who use factor analysis as part of their research efforts. Companies like Twitter, Facebook, and other social media outlets have been using factor-analysis to help them find the hottest trend, (Du, 2012). These companies generally use a five-step process to help them find the hottest trends. The first step is initial research used to gather data. The second step involves finding key trends or factors. The third step involves defining and interpreting the latest trends, (Du, 2012). The fourth step involves defining the trends/factors into variables. The final step entails projecting how successful the trends will become. By using the factor analysis method, social media outlets are able to successful be a part of the most trendy new products and services used by consumers across the globe. Cluster Analysis: Cluster Analysis is another technique that Widgecorp will likely use as part of our cold beverages research. Cluster Analysis lumps groups of related characteristics together, (Dayton, 2102). Cluster Analysis would be most helpful to WidgeCorp as part of the beginning stages of the research process. Cluster Analysis uses many different mathematical methods to help determine statistical significance. WidgeCorp will be able to use Cluster Analysis as we dive into market research. We will use Cluster Analysis to determine what populations of people that we should focus our marketing efforts on. When researching Cluster Analysis for this presentation, I came across a few examples of companies who used the Cluster Analysis technique, (Downes, 2012). The most impressive example came from a market research firm who used Gmail to advertise and market their subscribers. Gmail, a subsidiary of Google is able to track consumer data with every click that a consumer makes with their mouse as the cruise the internet. Market research firms collect data daily about consumers. They then make note of the buying and internet surfing trends of consumers. They use cluster analysis by putting the clusters or groups of consumers with similar trends together and then marketing new products or services to them, (Downes, 2012). Multidimensional Scaling: Multidimensional Scaling is another multivariate technique WidgeCorp could use while doing research. Multidimensional scaling is the most abstract of the multivariate techniques. While abstract, it was the easiest for me to comprehend. Multidimensional Scaling has two main objects. The first objective is to find a pattern somewhere in the data collected and presenting it visually for all to understand, (Wilkes, 1977). To visually display the data, Multidimensional Scaling places the data retrieved onto a three-dimensional plain. It is particularly useful when dealing with many different variables and allows the reader to see a visual representation on how they relate to one another. Multidimensional scaling is often used to test both the quality and safety of consumer products, (Yang, 2010). When researching the different multivariate techniques, I found some practical application of the Multidimensional Scaling method. The most interesting application I found was relating to international bank failures. Researchers collected data about 66 different Spanish banks and used the Multidimensional Scaling as a predictor in their financial stability, (Cinca, 2001). The research measured the financial liquidity of banks and compared it to both the banks who failed and the banks that were still in business. Another important Multidimensional Scaling technique I found involved the testing of air fresheners. Multidimensional Scaling was used by comparing some of the features of the different air fresheners separate while seeing if there were commonalities between different brands. Our group decided that multi-dimensional scaling would be the best method for WidgeCorp to use as we move forward and dive into the cold beverage market. When testing the safety, quality, and consumer likability of a product, it would make the most sense to use the multidimensional scaling technique. Not only will the technique allow us to see the variables as they relate to one-another visually, but we are also able to additional variables to be tested. You read "BSTRACT: WidgeCorps’s management team" in category "Essay examples" We can keep the dependent variables constant and change the independent variables as our research evolves. One of the main reasons Multidimensional Scaling should be used is that it will be easier to understand by people who have not been exposed in statistical research. For many members of our management team, statistics is a foreign concept. By using the Multidimensional Scaling technique, we will be able to not only research the statistical significance but present it in a manner which will be easily understood by our management team. We can then compare the results of the different tests we have conducted to see what has a stronger tatistical significance. For example, we can keep the same basic ingredients in our cold beverages, but just slightly change the color, flavor, or both the color or flavor and measure the consumer’s response to the slight changes. While conducting the research, we can collect consumer data such as age, gender, occupation, education, and how ofte n consumers purchase cold beverages. We will able to create three-dimensional planes to see how different combinations of the consumer data we have collected affect how much they like the color, flavor, or color and flavor of our new line of cold beverages. By adding a visual component to our research, we will be potentially able to visualize new relationships between the variables we are testing. Hypothesis Testing and Multidimensional Scaling: When in the research and development stage of our new cold beverage line, it is important that we are able to successfully test our hypothesis. We will test our initial hypothesis which states that WidgeCorp’s new line of cold beverages helps to burn calories than a competitor’s line of cold beverages by use the Chi-Square Test to test our hypothesis. We can develop this research further by creating a multinomial experiment by testing data in more than two categories, (Bowerman, 2012). We will do many studies to determine how successful our new beverages are in burning calories. We will test it amongst many populations including children, teenagers, and young adults. Our study will also compare results based upon gender, education, and occupation. We will also factor in levels of activity: no activity, moderate activity, and extreme activity. Essentially we will be testing how effective our new beverages are in burning calories amongst many different populations. To effectively test our hypothesis, it is important that we have a significant amount of willing participants in the study. We will need to find equal numbers of people willing to participate in the different categories we are testing. If we have too few test subjects, any statistical significance found will be not taken seriously by members of our research team. Additionally, it could harm the integrity of our company and could tarnish our reputation with the general public. The best way to test our hypothesis will then be to use the Chi-Square Test. The Chi-Square test begins with a contingency table with as many rows and columns as there are variables to test. We can use the contingency tests to test many different variables. Bellow, I have created a basic contingency table which will compare the total additional calories burned after drinking the WidgeCorp and Gatorade. The contingency table below shows females only and would be repeated with males. The data could be combined on the same contingency table or on a different contingency table. In this scenario, we are testing age, gender, and activity level and comparing it between our beverage and that of our competitors. The Chi-Square test will test the difference between the calories burned by the WidgeCorp beverage and compare it with the Gatorade beverage to determine if it is statistically significant, (Berenson, 2010). The statistical significance will signify two important pieces of information: which of the beverages helps burn the most categories and if the amount of calories burned is statistically significant. | Calories: WidgeCorp| Calories Gatorade| Female age 6-12 (sedentary)|   |   | Female age 6-12 (moderate)|   |   | Female age 6-12 (extreme)|   |   | Female age 12-16 (sedentary)|   |   | Female age 12-16 (moderate)|   |   | Female age 12-16 (extreme)|   |   | Female age 16-20 (sedentary)|   |   | Female age 16-20 (moderate)|   |   | Female age 16-20 (extreme)|   |   | Female age 20-24 (sedentary)|   |   | Female age 20-24 (moderate)|   |   | Female age 20-24 (extreme)|   |   | If we are able to prove that our new cold beverage line actually does burn more calories than our competitor Gatorade, we will likely see our competitor attempting to test our hypothesis. They will likely claim our hypothesis is false and thus test the null-hypothesis. The null-hypothesis will state Widgecorp’s line of new cold beverages does not burn more calories than Gatorade. The subsequent alternative hypothesis will state that Widge Corp’s line of new cold beverages does burn more calories than Gatorade. Our competitors will use the Chi-Square method to determine if our original hypothesis is false. Once our data has been collected and analyzed, it can be presented in a three-dimensional model to help present and organize the data in a visual manner. We will be able to see additional relationships when posting all of the data together on the same three-dimensional plane. Commonalities of the Different Techniques: The main commonality I find between all the different techniques discussed in this paper is the fact that they deal with multiple variables and thus are all multivariate techniques. Each method has its place within the realm of research and it is likely that WidgeCorp will use all three. All three techniques can use the Chi-Square test to test the validity of the hypothesis they are testing. Differences of the Multivariate techniques: The major different to note about the different techniques is how the techniques look at relationships between variables. Multidimensional Scaling differs from the other techniques the most in how the data is presented visually. Multidimensional Scaling uses a three dimensional plain to display the relationships between variables. The cluster analysis method looks to see if there are â€Å"clusters† or groups of data which are clumped together to denote any commonalities between the results. Factor Analysis looks to compare two different types of variables relate to one another. Multidimensional Scaling focuses mainly on commonalities, but looks to define the commonalities on a three-dimensional plain. To conclude, while the different multivariate techniques have a valuable place, for our purposes the Multidimensional Scaling technique will prove the most beneficial. While all techniques are similar in that they are working with multiple variables, the approaches differ. Upon reading this paper, the management team at WidgeCorp should have a sound understanding of the different multivariate techniques. References: Berenson, M. , Krehbiel, T. , Levine, D. (2010). Business Statistics: A First Course. Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Borgatti, S. (1997). Multidimensional Scaling. Retrieved 09-09-2012 from http://www. analytictech. com/borgatti/mds. htm. Cinca. , C. , Molinero, C. , (2001). Bank failure, a Multidimensional Scaling approach. Eurpoean Journal of Finance. 7(2)18. Dayton, D. , (2012). Multivariate statistics. Retrieved 09-23-2012 from https:/ /campus. ctuonline. edu Downes, L. , (2012). Customer intelligence, privacy, and the â€Å"Creepy factor†. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 09-09-2012 from http://blogs. hbr. rg/cs/2012/08/customer_intelligence_privacy. html. Du, R. , Kamakura, (2012). Qualitative trend spotting. Journal of Marketing Research. 49(4)22. Keough, M. , Quinn, G. , (2001). Design and Analysis for biologists. Retrieved from http://bio. classes. ucsc. edu/bio286/MIcksBookPDFs/QK18. PDF. Yang, Z. , Yingwei, Z. , (2010). Process monitoring, fault diagnosis and quality prediction methods based on multivariate statistical techniques. IETE Technical Review. 27(5)14. Wilkes, R. , (1977). Product positioning by multidimensional scaling. Journal of Advertising Research. 17(4)5. How to cite BSTRACT: WidgeCorps’s management team, Essay examples

Mother Tounge free essay sample

Chinese-American, who grows up speaking Chinese and English (many different forms of English). She talks about how not being able to speak English can create some real difficulties. She tells stories about how her mother spoke, what she calls broken English, and how it affected her everyday life, as well as her daughters. At first she was ashamed of her mothers English, and that if reflected the quality of what her mother was trying to say.In this story Amy Tan ants to present her position and belief in a rational and effective way. Her purpose of Mother Tongue is to explain how the various languages that she has used with her mother were important and influential in her life. She explains that even though immigrants whose native languages are not English are unable to speak English fluently to express their thoughts and opinions, their thoughts are not unimportant and incorrect. We will write a custom essay sample on Mother Tounge or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Amy Tan wrote about her and her mothers experiences to support her point.She talks about the video to explain about mothers talk style these evidences are very effective because it makes the readers to sympathize with the author. Towards the end of the story I feel like her attitude changes, and she becomes inspired by her mother, and started writing things not in English, or Chinese per-say, but in a way that showed passion, imagery, the rhythms of her mothers speech, and the nature of her mothers thoughts. She knew she had succeeded when her mother finished reading the book and said So easy to read (p. 4).

The Dramatic Sense in Artemisia Gentileschis painting

The Dramatic Sense in Artemisia Gentileschis painting This paper is aimed at discussing the painting Judith and Her Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes by Artemisia Gentileschi. In particular, it is necessary to show how a dramatic sense is created by the artist. In this case, one can speak primarily about the use of such techniques as chiaroscuro and tenebrism.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Dramatic Sense in Artemisia Gentileschi’s painting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They are based on the sharp contrast between light and dark. Much attention should also be paid to the way in which two women are portrayed by the author. Artemisia Gentileschi focuses on Judith’s emotional struggle. In this way, the artist intensified the dramatic effect producing by this picture. These are the main questions that should be examined more closely. It should be mentioned that this oil-on-canvas picture was painted in 1625. The work of art is based on the story of Judith, a Jewish widow who killed an Assyrian general Holofernes. He was planning to carry out an attack against the Jews, and he had to be stopped (Davies et al. 392). Judith was able to gain his confidence promising to give valuable information about the plans of Israelites. She beheaded Holofernes at the time, when he was drunk (Davies et al. 392). This information is important for understanding the themes that Artemisia Gentileschi explores in his work. The title of this painting suggests the action takes place right after the decapitation (Davies et al. 392). One can see Judith gesture at her maidservant who packs the head of Holofernes. Thus, the painter tries to show how Judith and her servant live through these difficult moments. This is one of the details that should be singled out. One can say that the dramatic effect is achieved in several ways. First of all, the painter relies on such as technique a technique as chiaroscuro which is the sharp contrast of dark and ligh t. By looking at the candlelit room, the viewers can see that Judith and her maidservant have to operate in complete secrecy. Moreover, they can be captured by the soldiers almost at any moment. Apart from that, one should also speak about such a method as tenebrism which means that darkness becomes almost the dominant part of a picture. This is one of the details that can be distinguished. Moreover, one should speak about the rich palette of Artemisia Gentileschi’s painting. The author uses a vibrant yellow color which intensifies the contrast between light and dark. This approach is emulated by other artists who rely on chiaroscuro technique. It helps Artemisia Gentileschi to underline the sense of insecurity that these women struggle with.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, Artemisia Gentileschi focuses on the viewer’s attention on the complexity of Judith’s emotions. Her face is half hidden in the shade, and in this way, the painter might have tried to show the intensity of inner struggle within this character. In this way, the artist creates the sense of mystery. The painters makes the viewers think about the conflicting feelings that could engulf Judith at that moment. On the one hand, she was able to save her people. Yet, at the same time, she had to commit a cold-blooded murder. This is the main ideas that she has to grapple with. It is difficult for her to reconcile these ideas. Additionally, Artemisia Gentileschi does not want to emphasize the idea that Judith has just killed a person. Moreover, Holofernes’s head is almost hidden from view. However, a person’s glance is inevitably attracted to this horrible object. One can see that the maidservant does not want to look it. Artemisia Gentileschi does not want to produce a long-lasting impression on viewers by portraying the scenes of violence. Ins tead, she wants to examine the aftermath of these events. This approach is also important for increasing the dramatic sense. Nevertheless, the image of Holofernes does not occupy the central part in this work of art. This is one of the details that can be identified, and it is important for the analysis of this painting. It should be mentioned that Judith has been described in various artworks, and many of them were created during the Baroque period. However, Artemisia Gentileschi succeeded in portraying the emotions of this woman who has to sacrifice her moral integrity in order to save the Jewish people. This is one of her main achievements. This is why this painting is often singled out by art critics. Overall, it is possible to argue that Artemisia Gentileschi’s painting is a great example of the Baroque art. The main strength of this picture is that the author is able to achieve a dramatic sense without focusing on the scene of beheading. Although Artemisia Gentileschi d oes not depict the scene of decapitation, she prompts viewers to emphasize with this character who has to struggle with the idea that she has become a murderer. By using such artistic technique as chiaroscuro and tenebrism, the author manages to increase the dramatic effect. These are the main arguments that can be put forward.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Dramatic Sense in Artemisia Gentileschi’s painting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Davies, Penelope, Frima Hofrichter, Joseph Jacobs, Ann Roberts, and David Simon.  Jansons Basic History of Western Art, New York: Pearson, 2013. Print.

Definition of a Boson Particle

Definition of a Boson Particle In particle physics, a boson is a type of particle that obeys the rules of Bose-Einstein statistics. These bosons also have a quantum spin with contains an integer value, such as 0, 1, -1, -2, 2, etc. (By comparison, there are other types of particles, called fermions, that have a half-integer spin, such as 1/2, -1/2, -3/2, and so on.) Whats So Special About a Boson? Bosons are sometimes called force particles, because it is the bosons that control the interaction of physical forces, such as electromagnetism and possibly even gravity itself. The name boson comes from the surname of Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose, a brilliant physicist from the early twentieth century who worked with Albert Einstein to develop a method of analysis called Bose-Einstein statistics. In an effort to fully understand Plancks law (the thermodynamics equilibrium equation that came out of Max Plancks work on the blackbody radiation problem), Bose first proposed the method in a 1924 paper trying to analyze the behavior of photons. He sent the paper to Einstein, who was able to get it published ... and then went on to extend Boses reasoning beyond mere photons, but also to apply to matter particles. One of the most dramatic effects of Bose-Einstein statistics is the prediction that bosons can overlap and coexist with other bosons. Fermions, on the other hand, cannot do this, because they follow the Pauli Exclusion Principle  (chemists focus primarily on the way the Pauli Exclusion Principle impacts the behavior of electrons in orbit around an atomic nucleus.) Because of this, it is possible for photons to become a laser and some matter is able to form the exotic state of a Bose-Einstein condensate. Fundamental Bosons According to the Standard Model of quantum physics, there are a number of fundamental bosons, which are not made up of smaller particles. This includes the basic gauge bosons, the particles that mediate the fundamental forces of physics (except for gravity, which well get to in a moment). These four gauge bosons have spin 1 and have all been experimentally observed: Photon - Known as the particle of light, photons carry all electromagnetic energy and act as the gauge boson that mediates the force of electromagnetic interactions.Gluon - Gluons mediate the interactions of the strong nuclear force, which binds together quarks to form protons and neutrons and also holds the protons and neutrons together within an atoms nucleus.W Boson - One of the two gauge bosons involved in mediating the weak nuclear force.Z Boson - One of the two gauge bosons involved in mediating the weak nuclear force. In addition to the above, there are other fundamental bosons predicted, but without clear experimental confirmation (yet): Higgs Boson - According to the Standard Model, the Higgs Boson is the particle that gives rise to all mass. On July 4, 2012, scientists at the Large Hadron Collider announced that they had good reason to believe theyd found evidence of the Higgs Boson. Further research is ongoing in an attempt to get better information about the particles exact properties. The particle is predicted to have a quantum spin value of 0, which is why it is classified as a boson.Graviton - The graviton is a theoretical particle which has not yet been experimentally detected. Since the other fundamental forces - electromagnetism, strong nuclear force, and weak nuclear force - are all explained in terms of a gauge boson that mediates the force, it was only natural to attempt to use the same mechanism to explain gravity. The resulting theoretical particle is the graviton, which is predicted to have a quantum spin value of 2.Bosonic Superpartners - Under the theory of supersymmetry, every fermion would have a so-far-undetected bosonic counterpart. Since there are 12 fundamental fermions, this would suggest that - if supersymmetry is true - there are another 12 fundamental bosons that have not yet been detected, presumably because they are highly unstable and have decayed into other forms. Composite Bosons Some bosons are formed when two or more particles join together to create an integer-spin particle, such as: Mesons - Mesons are formed when two quarks bond together. Since quarks are fermions and have half-integer spins, if two of them are bonded together, then the spin of the resulting particle (which is the sum of the individual spins) would be an integer, making it a boson.Helium-4 atom - A helium-4 atom contains 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and 2 electrons ... and if you add up all of those spins, youll end up with an integer every time. Helium-4 is particularly noteworthy because it becomes a superfluid when cooled to ultra-low temperatures, making it a brilliant example of Bose-Einstein statistics in action. If youre following the math, any composite particle that contains an even number of fermions is going to be a boson, because an even number of half-integers is always going to add up to an integer.

Marketing transportation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Marketing transportation - Essay Example A different political limit includes embargoes, or the ban of goods amid specific countries. Government plays an imperative role in restriction of cross border trade so as to promote their own goods. The government can involve itself with constructing marketable vessels and engaging in trade related activities so as to promote their own commercial fleet. The regime also supports their individual carriers through the implementation of cargo preference regulations. This needs the approval of the government to enable the careers to move freely in their countries. In the past, various global airlines were governmental owned with the state dictating their operations. The past 25 years have seen some government sponsored carriers being privatized. British Airways was owned by the government in 1980s (Czinkota, Ilkka and Marta). Logistics performance guide is an index to measure a country performance using six logical aspects. It was started as a way of recognizing the significance of logistics in international trade. The six aspects of logistics covered in the regulations include making the clearance process efficient by enhancing speed, procedures and inevitability. The use of border agencies and customs ease the process. It deals with improvement of the quality of trade and infrastructure such as the transport system. Performance index helps in simplicity of arrangement of competitively priced shipments, proficiency and value of logistics. This includes transportation operators and custom agencies. The performance index encourages the ability of the custom body in tracking and tracing goods. Ships are more efficient in that they are expected to follow a strict timetable and schedule so as to reach the predictable destination on

The War against Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The War against Terrorism - Essay Example United States has primarily used its military in the fight against terrorism. Military is the final frontier of fight for every nation when every other alternative has been used and exhausted. The use of military in the fight against a faceless enemy was not justified. The fight against terrorism requires much more than brute force which the military is capable of delivering the war on terror should have been fought by USA with the help of intelligence agencies and backchannel diplomacy and not by parading the US military strength in nation after nation. This paper will analyze the above thesis statement and try to prove its validity. THE NATURE OF WAR The first important thing to note about this was on terror is that this war is unlike any other which has been fought in the human history. It is not a war against a nation or a political regime; it is certainly not a war against a particular religion. The enemy in this war is terrorism – premeditated violence against innocent citizens who do not have the ability to fight back when they are attacked. People engaging in terrorism want to effect change through violence and fear; they want to subvert the rule of law and the idea of freedom. As there is no one enemy in this war; the war cannot be won by United States only on the basis of military might. The war is to be fought using every instrument of national power – diplomatic, economic, intelligence and military.... As there is no one enemy in this war; the war cannot be won by United States only on the basis of military might. The war is to be fought using every instrument of national power – diplomatic, economic, intelligence and military. This war is against a faceless enemy (Mukasey). The biggest danger in this war is that using too much military might may create much more enemies then it will destroy; so it is a war in which diplomacy has and will play a very important role ; military alone cannot win the war. STRUCTURE OF TERRORITS ORGANISATIONS AND ROLE OF MILITARY. As is the case in any war, the key to success is to know your enemy. Once the enemy is known to us, we can decide on the methods to be used in fighting him. Terrorist organizations did not start with Al Qaeda nor will the end with it. Although terrorist organizations are different in the way they operate and the reasons for which they have undertaken terrorist activities they still follow a basic model which allows them to succeed. At the bottom of the terrorist structure are the underlying conditions. These are the basic reasons why people are ready to blow themselves up as suicide bombers. These underlying reasons may be political, poverty, lack of education and proper knowledge or anger against the state or a particular group. Without these underlying conditions there will be no terrorists. People who are aggrieved or wronged in the past are most likely to become terrorists. Poverty also propels some people to terrorism. However people who are in terrorism for the sake of money usually provide the logistics such as safe houses and money transfers. The foot soldiers of

Definition Essay †Defining the Soul of Man -- Definition Essays

Definition Essay – Defining the Soul of Man "Soul" has, historically, always been tied up with morality and religious dogma, and I believe modern neuropsychology and psychobiology has effectively refuted any scientific basis for a "Soul." To state as fact, "The soul exists," one must first socratically define Soul. More on this later: Soul, or Consciousness, is, without a doubt, tied up within the billions of curious things called synapses and cells, deep inside the brain. There are cases of people without consciousness, without the all important "I." Usually this happens through the onset of a coma, or sometimes the hippocampus is damaged. (which is where short-term memory, a necessary component of consciousness, is located.) These people do not function properly, and are unaware of themselves. (this is very difficult for us to comprehend, as we are self-aware, and so cannot place ourselves in an antithetical position.) Upon death, all brain waves, all mental capacities, and all memories are forever lost. These things are all, again without a scientific doubt, stored in the brain-cells, where they are continually accessed when the brain is alive. But with the onset of death, (which is always and without fail the death of the brain,) these things become locked away in the tiny vaults of a billion cells, never to be accessed again. But this does not irrefutably destroy the belief in Soul. It is much more complex, which is unnerving because a thorough explanation demands numerous paragraphs. There are two major religious beliefs on the soul, and though they may seem diametrically opposed, we must remember that our ideas on the soul exist only because of the conditioned acceptance of these religiou... ...ything that exists is energy, (as is the case), then we undeniably have a "soul." But not in the conscious, creative, spiritual sense, only in a semantic sense. Since consciousness is inextricably linked with soul, and we are only conscious while in our bodies, the "immortal soul" theory breaks down. How do we know it is immortal? Support that. Give empirical evidence for it. You can't, so why believe in something that has no support, aside from an old dogma that has been contradicted a thousand times by science and empirical evidence? But, as I said, if "Soul" means nothing more than "Energy," than we have a soul. But the moment "Soul" means anything else, science refutes it. Works Cited Masson, Jeffrey. "When Animals Weep." New York, Delacorte Press, 1995 De Wall, Franz. "Chimpanzee Politics." John Hopkins University Press, 1989.

African Americans in the Revolutionary War

Before the Revolutionary War even began, slaves started to realize that the promises to secure their freedom from England and reduce the amount of slaves were seemingly unlikely. The African Americans were segregated and determined as free or enslaved. The Atlantic Slave Trade was setup to be a successful business in the 18th century , it sent slaves to southern states that specialized in agriculture. Slavery in the North was also legal and accepted as well. However, some colonies did allow free African Americans. Even though they had their freedom, rights of these African Americans were still confined.Black Codes consisted of stipulations such as, prohibiting their right to vote, forbidding them to sit on juries, and not allowing them the ability to testify against a white person in court. These codes made it hard to really feel like they had freedom and were in no way shape or form equal to a free white American. At the beginning of the American Revolution, African Americans were d emanded to choose whether to rebel, or to stay committed to the crown. Many African American slaves fought with Britain in the war because they were promised their freedom once again.A significant amount of African American slaves died during the Revolution, some of them got away but not very many. In the United States at this time, about 95% of the African Americans living here were enslaved. They were used by the white Americans during the war because of this. In 1777 George Washington approved the right for African American slaves to enlist, but only a small percentage actually did. A lot of the Northerners thought that the south using slaves on the front line was cruel and that the south needed their slaves in order to continue growing their economy.This made the South seem incompetent without their slaves. The African Americans fought for the United States and England. This was not right to use them and the British even used their heads to make them join and fight against the U nited States. The African Americans could win their freedom and go against their masters. Crispus Attucks was a black man who was considered the first death of the American Revolution. He yelled out â€Å"Don’t be afraid! †, and led a group of protesters against the British soldiers. I believe that the Boston Massacre was one of the final straws for the need of independence.An African American named Paul Cuffe, helped the American colonies by supplying them with goods and sneaking them past British ships. Another African American who was a minute man during the Boston Massacre was Lemuel Haynes. Salem Poor was one of the African American soldiers who fought at Bunker Hill. It is said that he shot Lieutenant Colonel James Abercrombie, a British officer. Prince Whipple was born in Africa and sold into American slavery at a young age. His master was William Whipple who he fought alongside in the war, but even though he did this he remained a slave throughout the revolutio n.He was was one of the 20 African American slaves who signed the New Hamshire Legislature which was asking for the elimination of slavery within this state. African-Americans were a very helpful and prominent part in fighting at Concord, Lexington, and Bunker Hill. James Armistead successfully petitioned his master to allow him to serve with the Marquis de LaFayette and he became a double agent in General LaFayette's service. He pretended to be a Loyalist slave spying on the Americans and invaded the Bristish General, Charles Cornwallis’s headquarters.All of the knowledge he gave to LaFayette helped the Americans win at the battle of Yorktown. LaFayette was so impressed with his doing that he actually petitioned the Virginia legislature to give him his freedom. When Lafayette saw Armistead in a crowd he called him by name and hugged him in public. James Armistead’s accomplishments in the revolution were so prominent and uplifting. My favorite African American idol dur ing the revolution to learn about is Phillis Wheatley. Not only because she is an intelligent and fortifying women but also for her poetry and strength to find a passion during these times.She was the first African American woman to have her work published as an American poet. . She was born in Gambia, Africa as a slave child and took her name from the Phillis, the slave ship that brought her to Boston and from her master, John Wheatley. Wheatley was a huge supporter of America freedom as well as African American slaves freedom. She published a collection of poems including one that was a memorial for the Boston Massacre. Phillis also wrote a poem for George Washington that she mailed to Cambridge, Massachusetts, the headquarters for the commander in chief.Washington happily replied with an invitation to come and visit him. She accepted immediately and met with him in Cambridge. George Washington also passed her story and excitement on to someone he knew in the publishing industry, and her poem was printed several times for the patriot cause. Phillis Wheatley was one of the most renowned poets of the eighteenth century. She was the first African-American to publish a book of imaginative writing and the first to start the African-American literary tradition.She combined religion and neo-classicism in her poems and most of her poems propose an escape from slavery. She rejoices death and the rewards and liberty of life after death. Mary Wheatley, the daughter of the family, taught her Latin, religion, English and literature. Apparently brilliant and with an ability for learning, Phillis became fluent in English. She was able to read passages from the bible and also showed interest towards astronomy, geography, history, Latin and Greek classics and British literature. Soon enough she was considered as a full-fledged poet in the art.Wheatley was influenced by the religious beliefs of her master and hence accepted Christianity as her religion. Her story is so outsta nding to me and the most powerful and prominent of them all. Even though she wasn’t actually fighting in the revolutionary war she was making a difference in history, fighting for what she believed in and following her heart and passion. To me this is just as worthy as enlisting in the war. In many ways, George Washington himself embodied the Revolution's mixed message for African Americans.Like many of the Founding Fathers, Washington owned slaves throughout his life and was influenced by contemporary racist views about African inferiority. Initially opposed to black enlistment in the Continental Army, Washington reluctantly agreed to allow certain free blacks to fight after Lord Dunmore's proclamation threatened to bring black patriots over to the British cause. In time the valor of his patriotic black soldiers and his friendship with antislavery advocates such as the Marquis de LaFayette convinced Washington that slavery was economically unsound as well as morally wrong.Ye t he maintained an ambiguous stance toward the institution, anxious to avoid fracturing the delicate sectional balance crafted at the Constitutional Convention. Washington's relationship with African Americans, like that of the new nation itself, was contradictory. He believed in â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† but signed the Fugitive Slave Law of 1793, he viewed slavery as a moral evil but did not free his own slaves until after his death. This is baffling to me.Over five thousand African Americans had a role in the fight for the Independence of United States. I believe that the African Americans played just as big of a role in the Revolution as every other white American soldier. Works Cited http://fas-history. rutgers. edu/clemens/AfricanAmericansRevolution. html http://www2. coloradocollege. edu/Dept/HY/HY243Ruiz/Research/revolution. html http://www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/learning_history/revolution/revolution_slavery. cfm

Can Addiction Be Classified As A Real Addiction - 1932 Words

Can addiction to sex be classified as a real addiction? Features Hypersexual Disorder failed to be included in the appendix of the DSM-V (APA, 2012). This was mainly due to the risks associated with pathologising normal behaviours, and the potential forensic implications associated with such a diagnosis (Kafka, 2010). However, both the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and the American Society of Addiction Medicine recognise that a disorder exists in which sexual behaviour is addictive (World Health Organisation, 2007; American Society of Addiction Medicine, 2011) Sex addiction can be defined as an excessive and maladaptive sex drive, which requires the frequency and intensity of sexual behaviours to increase despite†¦show more content†¦These behaviours are often used as coping mechanisms to manage dysphoric affect, as they lack the ability to cope with the emotional pain and shame caused by their behaviour (Carnes, 1999; Kennedy Pendley, 2002). Greiner and Carroll (2008) found that sexually addicted men had higher levels of anxiety, were more likely to have an insecure attachment style, and were distant and avoidant in their close relationships. The mean age of onset is 18.7 years, however, sufferers are most likely to seek treatment during their forties and fifties (Kafka, 2010). Common comorbidites associated with sex addiction include other addictive disorders such as gambling and substance abuse (Kaplan Krueger, 2010), major depression, anxiety and ADHD (Bancroft, 2009). Sex Addiction and Drug Based Addictions Sex addiction and drug based addictions are very similar. They are both characterised by a) a loss of control, b) continuation of behaviour/substance use despite significant adverse consequences, and c) obsession and preoccupation with the behaviour/substance (APA, 2012). Carnes (1991) has identified, as in substance abuse, tolerance and withdrawal components to sex addiction. A sex addict must increase the frequency of their sexual behaviour, just as an opiate addict must take larger doses to achieve the same effect. They also experience distress, anxiety, restlessness and irritability if they are unable to engage in the

Nursing Students As A Nurse - 1545 Words

Question In nursing schools around the world, nursing students, in particular, are known for being pushed to the brink. It’s a simple technique, considering that you’re preparing them for careers where they are on their toes day-in and day-out, catering to the needs and well-being of others all the while managing the high demand of a post-secondary education. Sure, we all have deadlines and things to do in a day, but are we pushing them too far? Are nursing students becoming too stressed? Why? And how do we fix this? Or are we just weeding out those that can’t handle the stress and are not prepared to handle a career as a nurse? Rationale This is an important question in our society as the world is gradually needing more and more nurses present in hospitals, emergency crews and long-term care facilities. Not everyone, though they think that they are able, can handle the stressful day-to-day challenges of being a nursing student and, eventually, a nurse. As described in our online class, biological stress is a â€Å"physiological reaction to stressful events.† For many students, especially around the months of November and December, as well as March and April, the amount of homework begins to pile up as midterms come to an end, and, final exams grow closer and closer. As such, our brain perceives the accumulation of essays, final exams and deadlines as stressors. I believe that this is an important question to answer as though there are stressors in the everyday working livesShow MoreRelatedNursing Reflection as a Student Nurse642 Words   |  3 Pagesa reflective account on an event that I, a student nurse encountered whilst on my second clinical placement in my first year of study. The event took place in a Fountain Nursing Home in Granite City. 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Leadership The Truth About Leadership - 1443 Words

OUTLINE TITLE I. Introduction Leadership has had some changes since 1980. The Truth About Leadership by James Kouzes and Barry Posner describes some of the changes workers and leaders have faced over time. Generational changes, increased marketplace and diversity. Leaders can be anyone that has had an impact on our lives that we look up to and want to model ourselves after. The leader I choose was President Ronald Reagan. Reagan penned his memoirs in 1990. II. Review of The Truth about Leadership The authors describe a brief history of leadership over the years focusing how some changes have occurred but that the â€Å"content† of leadership has remained the same. The changes they spoke of are increased marketplace, technology and political affects such at global terrorism and scarcity of natural resources. With the introductions of the Millennial into the work force, leaders have shifted their leadership to meet their demands. Kouzes and Posner wrote on â€Å"10 truths about leadership†. They believe that â€Å"the context of leadership has changed, the content of leadership has not changed.† The first truth is â€Å"the truth is that you make a difference†. Simply explained, the truth is you can make a difference. You have to believe in yourself if you want to make changes and be a leader. Within that truth they speak of the â€Å"five practices of exemplary leadership.† These are 1) model the way 2) inspire a shared vision 3) challenge the process 5) encourage the heart.Show MoreRelatedCritique Of The Truth About Leadership1358 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: CRITIQUE OF THE TRUTH ABOUT LEADERSHIP 1 CRITIQUE OF THE TRUTH ABOUT LEADERSHIP 5 Critique of The Truth about Leadership Renan Daghistani MAX ELLZEY, Ed.D, MBA, M.Div BSCI 635.25 LEADERSHIP and ETHICS Spring2016? Critique of The Truth about Leadership Introduction Kouzes and Posner provide ten universal truths of leadership. 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Social Class and Inequality Free Essays

string(217) " French the distinction of being a charter group that entitled them to a power, prestige \(and of course wealth\) that other groups were automatically denied unless they displayed a similar pedigree Driedger, 2001\)\." Social Class and Inequality Social inequality has been defined as a conflicting status within a society with regards to the individual, property rights, and access to education, medical care, and welfare programs. Much of society’s inequality can be attributed to the class status of a particular group, which has usually been largely determined by the group’s ethnicity or race (Macionis Gerber, 2006). The conflict perspective is an attempt to understand the group conflict that occurs by the protection of one’s status at the expense of the other. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Class and Inequality or any similar topic only for you Order Now One group will resort to various means to preserve a ideal social status through socioeconomic prestige, consolidation of power (political and financial), and control of resources. In Canada, even though its impact is frequently minimized, social inequality exists, but because the majority of citizens associate exclusively with members of their own class, they are often unaware of the significant role social inequality continues to play (Macionis Gerber, 2006). An inadequate distribution of wealth remains â€Å"an important component† of Canada’s social inequities (Macionis Gerber, 2006). Wealth can be defined as the amount of money or material items that an individual, family, or group controls and ultimately determines the status of a particular class (Macionis Gerber, 2006). Canada’s social classes can be divided into four, and the wealth is not distributed equally between them. First, there is the predominantly Anglo upper class, in which most of the wealth has been inherited; and they comprise of approximately 3-to-5 percent of the Canadian population (Macionis Gerber, 2006). Next, there is the middle class, which is made up of the greatest number of Canadians, nearly 50 percent with ‘upper-middle’ class subdivisions generating white-collar incomes of between $50,000 and $100,000 while the rest are earning reasonable livings in less prestigious white- collar jobs or as skilled blue-collar laborers (Macionis Gerber, 2006). The working class represents about 33 percent of the Canadian population, and their lower incomes leave little in the way of savings (Macionis Gerber, 2006). Finally, there is the lower class, which is represented by about 20 percent of the population (Macionis Gerber, 2006). Among these are the so-called working poor whose incomes alone are not sufficient enough for adequate food or shelter (Macionis Gerber, 2006). Their living conditions are often separated from the mainstream society in concentrated ethnic or racial communities (Macionis Gerber, 2006). The most impoverished members of this class are unable to generate any income and are completely reliant upon government welfare programs. One of the primary deciding factors as to what determines wealth, power, and social status is occupational prestige (Macionis Gerber, 2006). For example, in Canada, physicians and lawyers continue to reside at the top of the social ladder while newspaper delivery persons or hospitality staff rank at the bottom (Macionis Gerber, 2006). The growing disparity in income is beginning to resemble that of the United States with approximately 43. percent of the Canadian income being concentrated within the top 20 percent of social spectrum while those in the bottom 20 percent are receiving a mere 5. 2 percent of that income (Macionis Gerber, 2006). Nearly 16 percent of Canadians were categorized as being â€Å"below the poverty line† in the mid-1990s, and every month, close to a million people rely upon food banks to feed their families (Macionis Gerber, 2006). The income a particular class earns is determined in large part to the amount of education received, and yet in order to receive a higher education money is required. There is also a strong correlation between income and healthcare. The higher the income, the greater the number of quality medical services there are available (Macionis Gerber, 2006). The wealthy or upper middle classes can afford specialized care that isn’t typically covered by a provinces general health care plan, thus widening the gap of equality between the social classes. Within the boundary of the Canadian border we can see the separation between ethnicity, and wealth which determines class. Studies show that predominately the British and French Canadians earn the highest levels of income whereas the Africans, certain Asian groups, Latin Americans, and Aboriginals consistently rank near the bottom (Macionis Gerber, 2006). In recent years, there has been an increase in income inequality with the 14 percent of impoverished Canadians in the lower social classes of families headed by single mothers, female senior citizens, indigenous peoples, and the recent influx of immigrants (Reutter, Veenstra, Stewart, Raphael, Love, Makwarimba, and McMurray, 2006). Because of social exclusion, poverty is perpetuated with certain groups consistently shut out of the opportunities that might better equalize the social scales (Reutter et al, 2006). Canadian sociologist John Porter’s focused nearly entirely on power and class, his breakthrough research was published as The Vertical Mosaic: An Analysis of Social Class and Power in Canada in 1965 (Driedger, 2001). Porter explored the impact of race and ethnicity upon social mobility and noted that Canadian social history has been determined by ‘charter groups,’ mainly the English and the French situated in Ontario and Quebec, while the English were widely dispersed in both rural and urban locales, becoming increasingly urbanized as a result of industrialization and the fortunes being made, the Quebecois group was nearly exclusively rural in geography and philosophy (Driedger, 2001). Power examined how power relationships developed along social class lines and how the conflict among these charter groups influenced differences in social classes (Driedger, 2001). According to Hier Walby (2006), Porter presented the argument that â€Å"an ‘entrance status’ is assigned to less preferred immigrant groups (particularly southern and eastern Europeans†¦ that restricts collective gains in education, income, and membership among Canada’s elite† (p. 83). This entrance status was, in Porter’s view, strong enough to create a social barrier not unlike India’s caste system (Hier ; Walby, 2006). A decade later, Porter drew similar conclusions when he noted that his Canadian census job stratification study revealed, â€Å"Ethnicity serves as a deterrent to social mobility† (as cited in Driedger, 2001, p. 421). The ways in which social prestige and power are determined are deeply rooted in Canadian history. For instance, 1867’s British North America Act gave the British and the French the distinction of being a charter group that entitled them to a power, prestige (and of course wealth) that other groups were automatically denied unless they displayed a similar pedigree Driedger, 2001). You read "Social Class and Inequality" in category "Essay examples" The charter languages and cultures, though separate, would afford these members with exclusive privileges (Driedger, 2001). They would have automatic access to society, while other groups would have to battle for entrance and to secure status. Therefore, while a few managed to break through, most ethnic groups wer e consistently refused entrance. For this reason, they were forced to take jobs of low class status and their degree of assimilation into Canadian society would be determined by the charter members (Driedger, 2001). There is a sharp distinction between industry and finance in terms of ownership of financial resources. The bankers exert the most social control, and because they have been historically more interested in protecting their own interests, the indigenous industrialized groups have been discouraged (Panitch, 1985). Southern Ontario remains the wealthy hub of the Canada’s industrial sector, while the indigenous groups and other lower classes remain both regionally and socially isolated (Panitch, 1985). Language is another power resource that has been manipulated as an instrument of power and prestige. While the French have long been a charter of Canadian society, as in the United States, being culturally separate has not meant equality in terms of class status. In the years following World War II, the French Canadians of Quebec have sought greater independence (Driedger, 2001). Their discontent resulted in the establishment of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism in 1963, which emphasized the notion of an â€Å"equal partnership† (Driedger, 2001, p. 21). Even though charter dualism is not articulated in the Canadian constitution, the Quebec provincials believed that their one-third French-speaking status along with the growing number of languages spoken by non-charter members warranted a reclassification to at the very least bilingualism and at the most, an acknowledgement of multiculturalism that would remove existing cultural barriers and provide greater social access. These efforts have thus fall fallen short, and therefore Quebec annexation may one day become a reality. Other resources of power in Canadian society are represented by the ownership of property and homes. In Canada as in most parts of North America, homes represent wealth because of the â€Å"forced savings, investment appreciation, and protection against inflation† it represents (Gyimah, Walters, ; Phythian, 2005, p. 338). Owning a home offers â€Å"a sense of belonging† or inclusion for immigrant classes that is unlike anything else (Gyimah, Walters, ; Phythian, 2005, p. 338). But not surprisingly, Gyimah et al (2005) have discovered, â€Å"Rates of ownership have been found to vary considerably by ethnicity and immigration status† (p. 338). There is, interestingly, a structure among immigrant classes that impacts on the access to these resources with the immigrants who settled in Canada earlier enjoying much higher rates of home ownership than new immigrant arrivals (Gyimah et al, 2005). The lone exception is the Hong Kong business entrepreneurs that relocated to Canada when the Chinese regained control of the area (Gyimah et al, 2005). They had accumulated enough wealth in Hong Kong to bypass traditional barriers and secure housing usually reserved for charter members. On the opposite end of the spectrum, home ownership rates are lowest among the Blacks and Aboriginal classes (Gyimah et al, 2005). According to a study Henry, Tator, Mattis, and Rees conducted in 2002, â€Å"In spite of the historical and contemporary evidence of racism as a pervasive and intractable reality in Canada †¦ itizens and institutions function in a state of collective denial† (as cited in Hier ; Walby, 2006, p. 83). Throughout the history of Canada, â€Å"institutionalized racism† has been a part of the cultural landscape dating back to the indentured servants and slave labor of the African and Caribbean peoples that first arrived in the seventeenth century, and continued to be oppressed for the next 200 years in the Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Quebec provinces (Hier ; Walby, 2006). The fur trade justified this enslavement and the Federal Indian Act revisions of the mid-twentieth century continued to treat certain races in a subordinate manner (Hier ; Walby, 2006). Those deemed more primitive were oppressed because of social perceptions of their â€Å"savagery, inferiority, and cultural weakness† (Hier ; Walby, 2006, p. 83). Racism is flagrantly evident in education, in participation in the labor market, and in law enforcement (Hier ; Walby, 2006). When Ruck and Wortley studied the perceptions of high school students regarding school discipline through a questionnaire issued to nearly 2,000 Toronto students in grades 10 through 12, the ethnic groupings of Black/African, Asian/South Asian, White European, and Other revealed that their perceptions of discipline discrimination were significantly higher than those students of White European backgrounds (Hier ; Walby, 2006). Therefore, not surprisingly, these students were more likely to drop out of school and be denied any hope of receiving a well-paying job. Lower social classes were also relegated to low-paying jobs because of purportedly lacking â€Å"‘Canadian’ work experience† and a lack of English language comprehension (Hier ; Walby, 2006, p. 83). In a 2001 study by Austin and Este, the immigrant males they interviewed reported that because the power and resources are so tightly controlled by the White Canadian majority, their foreign employment experiences were minimized and they were blocked from taking the training programs that would have improved their language proficiency (Hier ; Walby, 2006). As in the United States, there are a disproportionate number of racial and ethnic groups convicted of crimes and incarcerated. This is believed to be due to racial profiling in law enforcement that tips the scales of justice away from people of color. According to a Royal Commission survey, the majority of respondents believe police are prejudiced against Black Canadians (Hier ; Walby, 2006). Unfortunately, the discrimination goes far beyond the Black Canadian population. The Aboriginal population provides a contemporary case study that reflects the impact of racism upon social inequality of Canada. The 2001 Canadian census lists a total of 976,310 Aboriginal peoples throughout the territories and provinces (Adelson, 2005). Of those, more than 600,000 are Native Americans – referred to as First Nations – and live mostly in the provinces of Ontario, British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan (Adelson, 2005). The Metis group live in the western sections of these provinces and total around 292,000 (Adelson, 2005). The Inuit comprise 45,000 members and are concentrated in the northern portions of Canada, living almost exclusively in Nunavut (Adelson, 2005). These peoples have been the victims of racist social attitudes dating back to 1876’s Indian Act, in which colonization was officially determined through First Nations recognition status (Adelson, 2005). This affects the Native Americans and the Inuit (as a result of a 1939 amendment to the Act), but the Metis are not forced to register to achieve a â€Å"recognition of status† (Adelson, 2005, p . 45). What this means is that those Aboriginal groups that live on government controlled reserves continue to receive government services while those who decide to venture off of these reserves do not (Adelson, 2005). Those groups are deprived of the education and basic skills that would enable them to improve their status. In comparison to non-Aborigines, the Aboriginal groups often fail to complete their education at every level, which further reduces their opportunities (Adelson, 2005). In a 2002 study of off-reserve Aboriginals, less than half percent of these children complete the twelfth grade (Adelson, 2005). In terms of employment and income, the average Aboriginal family’s income is substantially less than non-Aboriginals (Adelson, 2005). In 1991, the average Aboriginal income was $12,800, which was about half of the income of Canada’s non-Aboriginals (Adelson, 2005). Sociologists attribute the disparities in employment and income due to ethnic discrimination in the workplace, the lack of education accorded indigenous groups, the loss of property, and the â€Å"cultural genocide† they are forced to commit if they wish to assimilate (Adelson, 2005, p. 45). This â€Å"circle of disadvantage† results in the Aboriginals being mired in poverty and forced to take low- paying migrant jobs that are often seasonal and provide nothing in the way of employment security (Adelson, 2005, p. 5). Solely on the basis of their ethnicity, these peoples are relegated to the social periphery and are deprived of anything remotely resembling power, prestige, or wealth. In terms of their living conditions, many of the Aboriginal peoples are overcrowded, with 53 percent of the Inuit peoples and 17 percent of the Aborigina ls living off-reserve living more than one person per room (Adelson, 2005). This is in comparison to 7 percent of white Canadians of European origin (Adelson, 2005). In addition, Aboriginal homes are; twice as likely to be sorely in need of major repairs; about 90 times more likely to have no access to safe water supplied by pipes; five times more likely to have no type of bathroom facilities; and ten times more likely to have a toilet that does not flush (Adelson, 2005, p. 45). The Aborigines that do not live in government housing are exposed to appalling threats to their health and hygiene resulting from inferior housing, which has adversely affected their life expectancies (Adelson, 2005). Despite their high adult mortality, the aboriginal population also has a high birth rate (Adelson, 2005). However, this also means their infant mortality rate is also higher than the national average. According to 1999 statistics, infant mortality rates were 8 out of 100 among First Nations’ peoples, which is 1. 5 times higher than the overall Canadian rate of infant mortality (Adelson, 2005). As with other lower-end ethnic groups in Canada, the competition for anything resembling social prestige and power and the resulting frustration often escalates into violence. Within the Aboriginal groups, substance abuse, physical and sexual violence, and suicides are all too Common place (Adelson, 2005). Domestic violence statistics are high, with 39 percent of this population reporting such instances (Adelson, 2005). According to the 1999 published statistics 38 percent of reported deaths between young people ages 10 to 19 are due to suicide caused by the hopelessness of poverty and lack of social power (Adelson, 2005). Although the Aboriginal groups that still live on-reserve are receiving government healthcare services, these services are not necessarily of the quality the rest of the population is getting due to the government’s inability to control First Nation treaty resources and the seemingly endless â€Å"bureaucratic maze† regarding Aboriginal healthcare policy and insufficient funding (Adelson, 2005, p. 45). Within the past three decades, there has been a notable shift in the Canadian population. While the charter groups still comprised about 50 percent of the population, numerous other non-charter groups were rapidly combining to represent about one-third of the overall population (Driedger, 2001). Immigration pattern changes that began following the Second World War are largely responsible for a greater number of Southeast Asians and Latin Americans to relocate to Canada (Driedger, 2001). By the 1980s, the number of British Canadians began to rapidly slip and by 2001, while the British ranked ninth in population, 73 percent of immigrant settlers were either Asian, Latin American, or African (Gyimah et al, 2005). Meanwhile, despite Canadian policymakers’ best intentions, social inequality persists because many of these immigrant classes are being denied their rightful participation in society. Although the French charter remains strong albeit geographically and culturally segregated and the British majority is floundering, the class determinants of charter membership and its perks that enable social inequality to continue are still in place. The British population decrease has in no way adversely impacted their prestigious position or political influence. English is still the dominant language and European ancestry determines esteemed class status. Unfortunately, as long as access to prestige, power, and wealth remain limited to the charter few at the expense of the multicultural many, Canada’s social classes will sadly remain unequal. References Adelson, N. (2005). The embodiment of inequity: Health disparities in Aboriginal Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 96(2), 45-61. Driedger, L. (2001). Changing visions in ethnic relations. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 26(3), 421-451. Gyimah, S. O. , Walters, D. , ; Phythian, K. L. (2005). Ethnicity, immigration and housing wealth in Toronto. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 14(2), 338-363. Hier, S. P. , ; Walby, K. (2006). Competing analytical paradigms in the sociological study of racism in Canada. Canadian Ethnic Studies Journal, 26(1), 83-104. Macionis, J. J. , ; Gerber, L. M. (2006). Sociology (6th Canadian Ed. ). Retrieved May 21, 2008, from http://wps. pearsoned. ca/ca_ph_macionis_sociology_6/73/18923/4844438. cw/index. html. Panitch, L. (1985, April). Class and power in Canada. Monthly Review, 36(11), 1-13. Reutter, L. I. , Veenstra, G. , Stewart, M. J. , Raphael, D. , Love, R. , Makwarimba, E. , ; McMurray, S. (2006). Attributions for poverty in Canada. The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 43(1), 1-22. How to cite Social Class and Inequality, Essay examples