John F Kennedy Essay - 1741 Words

John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 35th President of United States, was born in Brookline, Massachusetts on May 29, 1917. His father, Joseph Kennedy Sr., was a wealthy investor who wanted his sons to be important figures in American politics. Joseph Kennedy Sr. always favored his oldest son, Joseph Jr., to achieve his familys long time ambition to become a President of the United States. However, his eyes turned to John, after Joseph was killed in battle during World War II. John knew he was going to be the replacement for his brother; only way to make his father happy was to become an important figure in American politics. In November of 1946, JFK was elected to the House of Representatives from the State of Massachusetts. He served in the†¦show more content†¦CIA director Allen Dulles ensured to Kennedy that this was going to be the perfect invasion. On April 17, 1961, the invasion of Bay of Pigs had begun. The invasion was a total failure, since nobody in the island showed any interest of joining the coup against Castro. Castros men captured 1189 prisoners and ransomed them for ten million dollars. It was the first major step for Kennedy during his administration, which gave him total humiliation. Later in his term, Kennedy refers to Bay of Pigs Cuba was a hell of a time. This convinced Kennedy never to trust anyone ever again. Moreover, maybe perhaps, this was why he was successful during the Cuban missile crisis. Kennedy focused on what he called Five Must Bills. The plan included federal assistance to public schools, hospital insurance for the aged, legislation for housing, aid to depressed areas, and increasing minimum wages. Kennedy knew that dealing with Congress could be difficult, since 21 Democrat seats in the house had been lost in the 1960 election. Although Democrats were still a majority, the South contributed 108 seats in the House, and 21 seats in the Senate. This was very hard for Kennedy since he wanted to focus more on the social changes that were happening in the country such as civil rights movement. In February of 1961, Kennedy submitted the minimum wage bill proposing to raise the hourly wage to $1.25. He also submitted a school-assistingShow MoreRelatedJohn F. Kennedy983 Words   |  4 PagesThe first Roman Catholic president, John F. Kennedy, fought through many hardships. Becoming the president at the age of 43, he went through many difficult trials to get that r ole due to his religion and health. Although he died early, he still managed to go beyond his presidential duties and accomplished a lot during his short term. John F. Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts. Ever since he was little, he has had very poor health. He suffered from a variety of diseasesRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy 1158 Words   |  5 PagesAssassination, and Legacy of John F. Kennedy written by Dean R. Owen is a series of reflections of people who knew and admired John F. Kennedy. Most people in the book discuss where they were the day of his assassination, their reaction, and how it affected everything and everyone around them. Others speak about what kind of leader Kennedy was, the legacy he left behind, and how when he died the country was never the same. Owen writes about people who once worked for Kennedy as well as his goodRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy1635 Words   |  7 PagesPresident John F. Kennedy once said â€Å"The path we have chosen for the present is full of hazards, as all paths are. The cost of freedom is always high, but Americans have always paid it. And one path we shall never choose, and that is the path of surrender, or submission† . Whether this statement was meant to describe the circumstances of the Cold War, or to display reasons for the use of the atomic bomb, these simple words brought understanding to the American people. That is, until the assassinationRead MoreAnalysis Of John F. Kennedy892 Words   |  4 PagesAdam Frankowski Mr. Vollmer English 12A 11 October 2015 Rough Draft- John F. Kennedy â€Å"And so my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.† Quotes like this earned John F. Kennedy the respect of a nation and the reputation as a great leader. His life is a major part of United States history for all that he contributed. John F. Kennedy is considered a hero for his memorable actions during his navy career, his ability to easeRead More John F. Kennedy Essay979 Words   |  4 PagesJohn F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy was one of the greatest presidents of the twentieth century. He united almost the entire nation under a common goal; the Moon. His charisma could turn skeptics into believers, and strengthen the bond between himself and his supporters. He had so much charisma because he used many rhetorical devices in his speeches, the same rhetorical devices that have been wooing crowds of people since the time of Rome. One of his most memorable speeches he gave was at RiceRead MoreThe Legacy Of John F. Kennedy1176 Words   |  5 PagesJohn F. Kennedy did a lot for our country although his presidential term was cut short. He had a certain allure to him that Americans liked. Kennedy knew what to do to gain the votes of all different types of voters no matter their age, race, or religion. His campaign and presidency have inspired even today’s presidents and presidential candidates in multiple ways. John F. Kennedy was a spectacular man and president that brought a fresh feel t o America and who left a legacy that will never be forgottenRead MoreThe Legacy Of John F. Kennedy980 Words   |  4 PagesBorn in 1917, John F. Kennedy grew up in a wealthy family with influence both politically, and economically. His grandfather was a famous politician, his father a billionaire, and his brothers he grew up with would go on to become well known politicians. Growing up in a family like this, it would appear hard to distinguish yourself, however, JFK would go on to surpass them all by becoming the 35th, and perhaps most beloved president of the United States. As president JFK was popular. He was youngRead MoreAnalysis Of John F. Kennedy1589 Words   |  7 Pages History Project John F. Kennedy was one of the most dynamic and inspiring presidents the country would ever know of. His leadership was impeccable and he motivated people by his charm and charisma. He had several qualities that made him so applauded by people. One of these qualities is the quality of his speech that made him the hero of the country. Not just his country was enchanted with his speeches but also the whole world felt a lot of connection with the words Kennedy spoke. Speech is oneRead MoreThe Legacy of John F. Kennedy1129 Words   |  5 PagesPresidents relate in life and none in death. Most people know John F. Kennedy as the 35th President of the United States, the youngest president, and one of fewest presidents that was killed. But what was JFKs legacy? JFK was born on May, 29th, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts, a quiet, clam suburb in Boston. As a child John F. Kennedy was mostly referred to the name Jack, by friends and family. His parents, Rose and Joseph Kennedy were too involved with social rank and their place in BostonsRead MorePresident John F. Kennedy1738 Words   |  7 Pages President John Fitzgerald Kennedy Our Nation’s 35th President Andrew Hogenson History 112 June 15, 2015 John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the 35th President of the USA and served at that position only for three years as at the end of the third year he was assassinated in Texas. Even though his presidential term was not long, it was significant, mostly with the strong opposition against the USSR (in a person of its Prime Minister of that time, Nikita Khrushchev). President Kennedy’s name is associated

John Sirica and The Ammidown Murder Essay - 2416 Words

When I discovered that my English class had to do a Research Paper, I became horrified. I thought students only did this when they were finishing graduate school not when they were starting their first year in college. All I knew about research papers was that there is an overwhelming amount of research to do. In my efforts to complete this obstacle and not bore myself to sleep with researching, I wanted to do an interesting topic, but I had no idea where to begin. I spent hours going through a great number of subjects and people, but once I found topic remotely interesting, I could not find much information on the Library of Congress website. Therefore, I decided to choose one word that would hopefully lead me to an interesting topic. I†¦show more content†¦Ammidown. This is typically because John Sirica was more important to the United States history due to his involvement in the Watergate Trails. I continued searching further into the United States v. Ammidown, when John was Chief Judge for the United States District Court, by finding sources on the Library of Congress website. At the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress there is a collection summary on The Papers of John J. Sirica that has 123 containers holding 38,000 items. I visited the Manuscript Division at the Library of Congress on April 4th , 2012. I was able to get hold of his Bench Book and files on the Ammidown case. I took a few pictures of some of the documents, but the information was overwhelming. A few weeks later I decided to come back to fully immerse myself into his Bench Book because I felt like that was the best way to comprehend John Sirica’s thoughts and opinions on the case. Nevertheless, the information within the book was hand written and is difficult to read. I used a camera to take pictures of the page that related to the case I’m researching in the bench book where I have started on deciphering the handwriting. Yet, the amount of time I have spent on trying to do so has made me realize that decoding the rest will take more than a while. There were other files

BSTRACT WidgeCorps’s management team Free Essays

string(140) " technique allow us to see the variables as they relate to one-another visually, but we are also able to additional variables to be tested\." ABSTRACT: WidgeCorps’s management team had a lack in understand of some of the key multivariate statistical techniques used by many companies to measure how variables react with one another. This paper will discuss how three of these techniques are commonly used and provides a recommendation for the company to use as they move forward with research and development of new products. This paper also compares and contrasts the different multivariate techniques. We will write a custom essay sample on BSTRACT: WidgeCorps’s management team or any similar topic only for you Order Now KEYWORDS: multivariate techniques, Chi-Square Test, multidimensional scaling There are many different multivariate techniques commonly used in businesses across the world. This paper will compare three commonly used techniques including factor analysis, multi-dimensional scaling, and cluster analysis. Additionally, I will provide my recommendation for WidgeCorp to follow as we move forward and dive into the cold beverage market. To begin, it is important to have a clear understanding about why and how a company will use multivariate techniques as part research. The term multivariate technique is somewhat of a blanket-term which includes many different techniques used by statisticians and researchers in many different fields, (Dayton, 2012). Multivariate techniques allow for companies to perform research on more than one variable to determine if there is a relationship between them. For many companies, the multivariate techniques are used to effective measure quality and safety, (Yang, 2010). WidgeCrop will be able to use each of the techniques as we move forward with our new business ventures into the cold beverage market. Factor Analysis: Factor analysis is one of the many techniques that can be used in different types of research projects. Factor analysis is most often used to compare variables which have a correlation to other confounding variables, (Dayton, 2012). Factor analysis will prove helpful after we have developed our products and are testing the new beverages in different markets. As an example, we could test the hypothesis that WidgeCorp’s new line of cold beverages burns more calories than our competitor Gatorade’s line of cold beverages. The observed variable would include whatever the ingredient is in the beverage which helps to burn calories. The confounding variable could be the level of activity of those participating in the study. As part of my research for this project, I looked into several companies who use factor analysis as part of their research efforts. Companies like Twitter, Facebook, and other social media outlets have been using factor-analysis to help them find the hottest trend, (Du, 2012). These companies generally use a five-step process to help them find the hottest trends. The first step is initial research used to gather data. The second step involves finding key trends or factors. The third step involves defining and interpreting the latest trends, (Du, 2012). The fourth step involves defining the trends/factors into variables. The final step entails projecting how successful the trends will become. By using the factor analysis method, social media outlets are able to successful be a part of the most trendy new products and services used by consumers across the globe. Cluster Analysis: Cluster Analysis is another technique that Widgecorp will likely use as part of our cold beverages research. Cluster Analysis lumps groups of related characteristics together, (Dayton, 2102). Cluster Analysis would be most helpful to WidgeCorp as part of the beginning stages of the research process. Cluster Analysis uses many different mathematical methods to help determine statistical significance. WidgeCorp will be able to use Cluster Analysis as we dive into market research. We will use Cluster Analysis to determine what populations of people that we should focus our marketing efforts on. When researching Cluster Analysis for this presentation, I came across a few examples of companies who used the Cluster Analysis technique, (Downes, 2012). The most impressive example came from a market research firm who used Gmail to advertise and market their subscribers. Gmail, a subsidiary of Google is able to track consumer data with every click that a consumer makes with their mouse as the cruise the internet. Market research firms collect data daily about consumers. They then make note of the buying and internet surfing trends of consumers. They use cluster analysis by putting the clusters or groups of consumers with similar trends together and then marketing new products or services to them, (Downes, 2012). Multidimensional Scaling: Multidimensional Scaling is another multivariate technique WidgeCorp could use while doing research. Multidimensional scaling is the most abstract of the multivariate techniques. While abstract, it was the easiest for me to comprehend. Multidimensional Scaling has two main objects. The first objective is to find a pattern somewhere in the data collected and presenting it visually for all to understand, (Wilkes, 1977). To visually display the data, Multidimensional Scaling places the data retrieved onto a three-dimensional plain. It is particularly useful when dealing with many different variables and allows the reader to see a visual representation on how they relate to one another. Multidimensional scaling is often used to test both the quality and safety of consumer products, (Yang, 2010). When researching the different multivariate techniques, I found some practical application of the Multidimensional Scaling method. The most interesting application I found was relating to international bank failures. Researchers collected data about 66 different Spanish banks and used the Multidimensional Scaling as a predictor in their financial stability, (Cinca, 2001). The research measured the financial liquidity of banks and compared it to both the banks who failed and the banks that were still in business. Another important Multidimensional Scaling technique I found involved the testing of air fresheners. Multidimensional Scaling was used by comparing some of the features of the different air fresheners separate while seeing if there were commonalities between different brands. Our group decided that multi-dimensional scaling would be the best method for WidgeCorp to use as we move forward and dive into the cold beverage market. When testing the safety, quality, and consumer likability of a product, it would make the most sense to use the multidimensional scaling technique. Not only will the technique allow us to see the variables as they relate to one-another visually, but we are also able to additional variables to be tested. You read "BSTRACT: WidgeCorps’s management team" in category "Essay examples" We can keep the dependent variables constant and change the independent variables as our research evolves. One of the main reasons Multidimensional Scaling should be used is that it will be easier to understand by people who have not been exposed in statistical research. For many members of our management team, statistics is a foreign concept. By using the Multidimensional Scaling technique, we will be able to not only research the statistical significance but present it in a manner which will be easily understood by our management team. We can then compare the results of the different tests we have conducted to see what has a stronger tatistical significance. For example, we can keep the same basic ingredients in our cold beverages, but just slightly change the color, flavor, or both the color or flavor and measure the consumer’s response to the slight changes. While conducting the research, we can collect consumer data such as age, gender, occupation, education, and how ofte n consumers purchase cold beverages. We will able to create three-dimensional planes to see how different combinations of the consumer data we have collected affect how much they like the color, flavor, or color and flavor of our new line of cold beverages. By adding a visual component to our research, we will be potentially able to visualize new relationships between the variables we are testing. Hypothesis Testing and Multidimensional Scaling: When in the research and development stage of our new cold beverage line, it is important that we are able to successfully test our hypothesis. We will test our initial hypothesis which states that WidgeCorp’s new line of cold beverages helps to burn calories than a competitor’s line of cold beverages by use the Chi-Square Test to test our hypothesis. We can develop this research further by creating a multinomial experiment by testing data in more than two categories, (Bowerman, 2012). We will do many studies to determine how successful our new beverages are in burning calories. We will test it amongst many populations including children, teenagers, and young adults. Our study will also compare results based upon gender, education, and occupation. We will also factor in levels of activity: no activity, moderate activity, and extreme activity. Essentially we will be testing how effective our new beverages are in burning calories amongst many different populations. To effectively test our hypothesis, it is important that we have a significant amount of willing participants in the study. We will need to find equal numbers of people willing to participate in the different categories we are testing. If we have too few test subjects, any statistical significance found will be not taken seriously by members of our research team. Additionally, it could harm the integrity of our company and could tarnish our reputation with the general public. The best way to test our hypothesis will then be to use the Chi-Square Test. The Chi-Square test begins with a contingency table with as many rows and columns as there are variables to test. We can use the contingency tests to test many different variables. Bellow, I have created a basic contingency table which will compare the total additional calories burned after drinking the WidgeCorp and Gatorade. The contingency table below shows females only and would be repeated with males. The data could be combined on the same contingency table or on a different contingency table. In this scenario, we are testing age, gender, and activity level and comparing it between our beverage and that of our competitors. The Chi-Square test will test the difference between the calories burned by the WidgeCorp beverage and compare it with the Gatorade beverage to determine if it is statistically significant, (Berenson, 2010). The statistical significance will signify two important pieces of information: which of the beverages helps burn the most categories and if the amount of calories burned is statistically significant. | Calories: WidgeCorp| Calories Gatorade| Female age 6-12 (sedentary)|   |   | Female age 6-12 (moderate)|   |   | Female age 6-12 (extreme)|   |   | Female age 12-16 (sedentary)|   |   | Female age 12-16 (moderate)|   |   | Female age 12-16 (extreme)|   |   | Female age 16-20 (sedentary)|   |   | Female age 16-20 (moderate)|   |   | Female age 16-20 (extreme)|   |   | Female age 20-24 (sedentary)|   |   | Female age 20-24 (moderate)|   |   | Female age 20-24 (extreme)|   |   | If we are able to prove that our new cold beverage line actually does burn more calories than our competitor Gatorade, we will likely see our competitor attempting to test our hypothesis. They will likely claim our hypothesis is false and thus test the null-hypothesis. The null-hypothesis will state Widgecorp’s line of new cold beverages does not burn more calories than Gatorade. The subsequent alternative hypothesis will state that Widge Corp’s line of new cold beverages does burn more calories than Gatorade. Our competitors will use the Chi-Square method to determine if our original hypothesis is false. Once our data has been collected and analyzed, it can be presented in a three-dimensional model to help present and organize the data in a visual manner. We will be able to see additional relationships when posting all of the data together on the same three-dimensional plane. Commonalities of the Different Techniques: The main commonality I find between all the different techniques discussed in this paper is the fact that they deal with multiple variables and thus are all multivariate techniques. Each method has its place within the realm of research and it is likely that WidgeCorp will use all three. All three techniques can use the Chi-Square test to test the validity of the hypothesis they are testing. Differences of the Multivariate techniques: The major different to note about the different techniques is how the techniques look at relationships between variables. Multidimensional Scaling differs from the other techniques the most in how the data is presented visually. Multidimensional Scaling uses a three dimensional plain to display the relationships between variables. The cluster analysis method looks to see if there are â€Å"clusters† or groups of data which are clumped together to denote any commonalities between the results. Factor Analysis looks to compare two different types of variables relate to one another. Multidimensional Scaling focuses mainly on commonalities, but looks to define the commonalities on a three-dimensional plain. To conclude, while the different multivariate techniques have a valuable place, for our purposes the Multidimensional Scaling technique will prove the most beneficial. While all techniques are similar in that they are working with multiple variables, the approaches differ. Upon reading this paper, the management team at WidgeCorp should have a sound understanding of the different multivariate techniques. References: Berenson, M. , Krehbiel, T. , Levine, D. (2010). Business Statistics: A First Course. Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Borgatti, S. (1997). Multidimensional Scaling. Retrieved 09-09-2012 from http://www. analytictech. com/borgatti/mds. htm. Cinca. , C. , Molinero, C. , (2001). Bank failure, a Multidimensional Scaling approach. Eurpoean Journal of Finance. 7(2)18. Dayton, D. , (2012). Multivariate statistics. Retrieved 09-23-2012 from https:/ /campus. ctuonline. edu Downes, L. , (2012). Customer intelligence, privacy, and the â€Å"Creepy factor†. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 09-09-2012 from http://blogs. hbr. rg/cs/2012/08/customer_intelligence_privacy. html. Du, R. , Kamakura, (2012). Qualitative trend spotting. Journal of Marketing Research. 49(4)22. Keough, M. , Quinn, G. , (2001). Design and Analysis for biologists. Retrieved from http://bio. classes. ucsc. edu/bio286/MIcksBookPDFs/QK18. PDF. Yang, Z. , Yingwei, Z. , (2010). Process monitoring, fault diagnosis and quality prediction methods based on multivariate statistical techniques. IETE Technical Review. 27(5)14. Wilkes, R. , (1977). Product positioning by multidimensional scaling. Journal of Advertising Research. 17(4)5. How to cite BSTRACT: WidgeCorps’s management team, Essay examples

Mother Tounge free essay sample

Chinese-American, who grows up speaking Chinese and English (many different forms of English). She talks about how not being able to speak English can create some real difficulties. She tells stories about how her mother spoke, what she calls broken English, and how it affected her everyday life, as well as her daughters. At first she was ashamed of her mothers English, and that if reflected the quality of what her mother was trying to say.In this story Amy Tan ants to present her position and belief in a rational and effective way. Her purpose of Mother Tongue is to explain how the various languages that she has used with her mother were important and influential in her life. She explains that even though immigrants whose native languages are not English are unable to speak English fluently to express their thoughts and opinions, their thoughts are not unimportant and incorrect. We will write a custom essay sample on Mother Tounge or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Amy Tan wrote about her and her mothers experiences to support her point.She talks about the video to explain about mothers talk style these evidences are very effective because it makes the readers to sympathize with the author. Towards the end of the story I feel like her attitude changes, and she becomes inspired by her mother, and started writing things not in English, or Chinese per-say, but in a way that showed passion, imagery, the rhythms of her mothers speech, and the nature of her mothers thoughts. She knew she had succeeded when her mother finished reading the book and said So easy to read (p. 4).

The Dramatic Sense in Artemisia Gentileschis painting

The Dramatic Sense in Artemisia Gentileschis painting This paper is aimed at discussing the painting Judith and Her Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes by Artemisia Gentileschi. In particular, it is necessary to show how a dramatic sense is created by the artist. In this case, one can speak primarily about the use of such techniques as chiaroscuro and tenebrism.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Dramatic Sense in Artemisia Gentileschi’s painting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They are based on the sharp contrast between light and dark. Much attention should also be paid to the way in which two women are portrayed by the author. Artemisia Gentileschi focuses on Judith’s emotional struggle. In this way, the artist intensified the dramatic effect producing by this picture. These are the main questions that should be examined more closely. It should be mentioned that this oil-on-canvas picture was painted in 1625. The work of art is based on the story of Judith, a Jewish widow who killed an Assyrian general Holofernes. He was planning to carry out an attack against the Jews, and he had to be stopped (Davies et al. 392). Judith was able to gain his confidence promising to give valuable information about the plans of Israelites. She beheaded Holofernes at the time, when he was drunk (Davies et al. 392). This information is important for understanding the themes that Artemisia Gentileschi explores in his work. The title of this painting suggests the action takes place right after the decapitation (Davies et al. 392). One can see Judith gesture at her maidservant who packs the head of Holofernes. Thus, the painter tries to show how Judith and her servant live through these difficult moments. This is one of the details that should be singled out. One can say that the dramatic effect is achieved in several ways. First of all, the painter relies on such as technique a technique as chiaroscuro which is the sharp contrast of dark and ligh t. By looking at the candlelit room, the viewers can see that Judith and her maidservant have to operate in complete secrecy. Moreover, they can be captured by the soldiers almost at any moment. Apart from that, one should also speak about such a method as tenebrism which means that darkness becomes almost the dominant part of a picture. This is one of the details that can be distinguished. Moreover, one should speak about the rich palette of Artemisia Gentileschi’s painting. The author uses a vibrant yellow color which intensifies the contrast between light and dark. This approach is emulated by other artists who rely on chiaroscuro technique. It helps Artemisia Gentileschi to underline the sense of insecurity that these women struggle with.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, Artemisia Gentileschi focuses on the viewer’s attention on the complexity of Judith’s emotions. Her face is half hidden in the shade, and in this way, the painter might have tried to show the intensity of inner struggle within this character. In this way, the artist creates the sense of mystery. The painters makes the viewers think about the conflicting feelings that could engulf Judith at that moment. On the one hand, she was able to save her people. Yet, at the same time, she had to commit a cold-blooded murder. This is the main ideas that she has to grapple with. It is difficult for her to reconcile these ideas. Additionally, Artemisia Gentileschi does not want to emphasize the idea that Judith has just killed a person. Moreover, Holofernes’s head is almost hidden from view. However, a person’s glance is inevitably attracted to this horrible object. One can see that the maidservant does not want to look it. Artemisia Gentileschi does not want to produce a long-lasting impression on viewers by portraying the scenes of violence. Ins tead, she wants to examine the aftermath of these events. This approach is also important for increasing the dramatic sense. Nevertheless, the image of Holofernes does not occupy the central part in this work of art. This is one of the details that can be identified, and it is important for the analysis of this painting. It should be mentioned that Judith has been described in various artworks, and many of them were created during the Baroque period. However, Artemisia Gentileschi succeeded in portraying the emotions of this woman who has to sacrifice her moral integrity in order to save the Jewish people. This is one of her main achievements. This is why this painting is often singled out by art critics. Overall, it is possible to argue that Artemisia Gentileschi’s painting is a great example of the Baroque art. The main strength of this picture is that the author is able to achieve a dramatic sense without focusing on the scene of beheading. Although Artemisia Gentileschi d oes not depict the scene of decapitation, she prompts viewers to emphasize with this character who has to struggle with the idea that she has become a murderer. By using such artistic technique as chiaroscuro and tenebrism, the author manages to increase the dramatic effect. These are the main arguments that can be put forward.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Dramatic Sense in Artemisia Gentileschi’s painting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Davies, Penelope, Frima Hofrichter, Joseph Jacobs, Ann Roberts, and David Simon.  Jansons Basic History of Western Art, New York: Pearson, 2013. Print.

Definition of a Boson Particle

Definition of a Boson Particle In particle physics, a boson is a type of particle that obeys the rules of Bose-Einstein statistics. These bosons also have a quantum spin with contains an integer value, such as 0, 1, -1, -2, 2, etc. (By comparison, there are other types of particles, called fermions, that have a half-integer spin, such as 1/2, -1/2, -3/2, and so on.) Whats So Special About a Boson? Bosons are sometimes called force particles, because it is the bosons that control the interaction of physical forces, such as electromagnetism and possibly even gravity itself. The name boson comes from the surname of Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose, a brilliant physicist from the early twentieth century who worked with Albert Einstein to develop a method of analysis called Bose-Einstein statistics. In an effort to fully understand Plancks law (the thermodynamics equilibrium equation that came out of Max Plancks work on the blackbody radiation problem), Bose first proposed the method in a 1924 paper trying to analyze the behavior of photons. He sent the paper to Einstein, who was able to get it published ... and then went on to extend Boses reasoning beyond mere photons, but also to apply to matter particles. One of the most dramatic effects of Bose-Einstein statistics is the prediction that bosons can overlap and coexist with other bosons. Fermions, on the other hand, cannot do this, because they follow the Pauli Exclusion Principle  (chemists focus primarily on the way the Pauli Exclusion Principle impacts the behavior of electrons in orbit around an atomic nucleus.) Because of this, it is possible for photons to become a laser and some matter is able to form the exotic state of a Bose-Einstein condensate. Fundamental Bosons According to the Standard Model of quantum physics, there are a number of fundamental bosons, which are not made up of smaller particles. This includes the basic gauge bosons, the particles that mediate the fundamental forces of physics (except for gravity, which well get to in a moment). These four gauge bosons have spin 1 and have all been experimentally observed: Photon - Known as the particle of light, photons carry all electromagnetic energy and act as the gauge boson that mediates the force of electromagnetic interactions.Gluon - Gluons mediate the interactions of the strong nuclear force, which binds together quarks to form protons and neutrons and also holds the protons and neutrons together within an atoms nucleus.W Boson - One of the two gauge bosons involved in mediating the weak nuclear force.Z Boson - One of the two gauge bosons involved in mediating the weak nuclear force. In addition to the above, there are other fundamental bosons predicted, but without clear experimental confirmation (yet): Higgs Boson - According to the Standard Model, the Higgs Boson is the particle that gives rise to all mass. On July 4, 2012, scientists at the Large Hadron Collider announced that they had good reason to believe theyd found evidence of the Higgs Boson. Further research is ongoing in an attempt to get better information about the particles exact properties. The particle is predicted to have a quantum spin value of 0, which is why it is classified as a boson.Graviton - The graviton is a theoretical particle which has not yet been experimentally detected. Since the other fundamental forces - electromagnetism, strong nuclear force, and weak nuclear force - are all explained in terms of a gauge boson that mediates the force, it was only natural to attempt to use the same mechanism to explain gravity. The resulting theoretical particle is the graviton, which is predicted to have a quantum spin value of 2.Bosonic Superpartners - Under the theory of supersymmetry, every fermion would have a so-far-undetected bosonic counterpart. Since there are 12 fundamental fermions, this would suggest that - if supersymmetry is true - there are another 12 fundamental bosons that have not yet been detected, presumably because they are highly unstable and have decayed into other forms. Composite Bosons Some bosons are formed when two or more particles join together to create an integer-spin particle, such as: Mesons - Mesons are formed when two quarks bond together. Since quarks are fermions and have half-integer spins, if two of them are bonded together, then the spin of the resulting particle (which is the sum of the individual spins) would be an integer, making it a boson.Helium-4 atom - A helium-4 atom contains 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and 2 electrons ... and if you add up all of those spins, youll end up with an integer every time. Helium-4 is particularly noteworthy because it becomes a superfluid when cooled to ultra-low temperatures, making it a brilliant example of Bose-Einstein statistics in action. If youre following the math, any composite particle that contains an even number of fermions is going to be a boson, because an even number of half-integers is always going to add up to an integer.

Marketing transportation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Marketing transportation - Essay Example A different political limit includes embargoes, or the ban of goods amid specific countries. Government plays an imperative role in restriction of cross border trade so as to promote their own goods. The government can involve itself with constructing marketable vessels and engaging in trade related activities so as to promote their own commercial fleet. The regime also supports their individual carriers through the implementation of cargo preference regulations. This needs the approval of the government to enable the careers to move freely in their countries. In the past, various global airlines were governmental owned with the state dictating their operations. The past 25 years have seen some government sponsored carriers being privatized. British Airways was owned by the government in 1980s (Czinkota, Ilkka and Marta). Logistics performance guide is an index to measure a country performance using six logical aspects. It was started as a way of recognizing the significance of logistics in international trade. The six aspects of logistics covered in the regulations include making the clearance process efficient by enhancing speed, procedures and inevitability. The use of border agencies and customs ease the process. It deals with improvement of the quality of trade and infrastructure such as the transport system. Performance index helps in simplicity of arrangement of competitively priced shipments, proficiency and value of logistics. This includes transportation operators and custom agencies. The performance index encourages the ability of the custom body in tracking and tracing goods. Ships are more efficient in that they are expected to follow a strict timetable and schedule so as to reach the predictable destination on